Essay about Abilities Of People With Disabilities - 701 Words

Abilities of People With Disabilities Chris Moore nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Assumption: A person with mental retardation cannot be trained to perform a job as well as an employee without a disability. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fact: Over two thirds of Pizza Hut employees have mental retardation. The average turnover rate (the rate at which workers quit) of these employees is a modest twenty percent compared to a one hundred and fifty percent turnover of employees without disabilities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is this kind of thinking that limits the ability of people with disabilities to find employment more than any other factor. In an E-Mail on Thursday, November 7, 1996, Barbara Sommer, Disabilities Employment†¦show more content†¦woman for not hiring her and then ordered that she be hired as an attendant at a mental retardation facility. The EEOC said, quot;It is not necessary that a condition be involuntary or immutable to be covered.quot; In September of 1993, Californias Supreme Court ruled that a health-food store owner could not reject a job applicant if her fatness were the result of a faulty metabolism or a psychological systemic prob lem, but could if it were the persons fault. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pregnancy is usually considered a natural occurrence that all people accept, but from 1965 to 1978 ATamp;T forced pregnant women to take unpaid maternity leaves, awarded those employees less seniority than others on disability, and gave them no guarantee that they could return to their jobs or equivalent positions. Georgetown University Law Professor Wendy Williams, the major proponent of equal treatment, maintains that since quot;pregnancy leads to a physical inability to work, it should be treated as any other temporary physical disability.quot; Laws that give pregnant women specific privileges, she and others argue, imply unequal status and are likely to prove detrimental to women in the long run. Do these women not deserve to be not separate, not special, but just equal? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By now you may be wondering,Show MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Childhood Disability967 Words   |  4 Pageschildhood disability has continued to increase, growin g by 15.6% between 2001–2002 and 2010–2011. Nearly 6 million children were considered disabled in 2010–2011.†Houtrow(2014) The United States civilians have had a negative attitude toward people with disabilities. Donaldson(1980) says that they are attempting to change the attitudes towards people with disabilities. 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It is important to recognise an individual as a person as it is their human right to be seen as such. If an individual is not seen as a person it devalues them and isolates them from everyday society making them feel â€Å"different†. 2. Describe the importance of recognising an individual’s strengths and abilities A. Recognising a person’s strengths and abilities encouragesRead MoreUnderstand Physical disability Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages Unit 32 Understand physical Disability 1. Understand the importance of differentiating between the individual and the disability. 1.1 Explain why it is important to recognize and value an individual as a person It is important because each person deserves respect and each person has their own individual needs. 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Techniques Used In Estimating The Age Architecture Essay Free Essays

Forensic anthropologists are experienced in the designation of human remains. One of the first inquiries to be asked upon the find of skeletal remains is are they of a human or animate being? Once the beginning of the castanetss has been established it so has to be determined as to whether the remains are of forensic or archeological birthplace. The customary clip he lapsed since decease should be less than 70 old ages if it is to be classed as a forensic instance. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques Used In Estimating The Age Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is due to the fact that if the remains are discovered after 70 old ages it will be harder to convey an person to justness or a dependable informant being found. ( Scheuer 2002 ) The usage of Osteological stuff in a forensic instance is peculiarly utile during the designation procedure of disconnected or disarticulated remains. Age is merely one of the four chief biological properties used in the designation of skeletal remains. ( Zioupos et al 2004 ) . All must be considered independently ab initio before uniting or properties in order of obtaining possible designation. The four chief properties of biological individuality that most forensic anthropologists paper to find are age, sex, stature and cultural background. The truth of these depend chiefly on which a peculiar elements of the organic structure are present and besides the province of saving of the remains. The truth of designation besides varies harmonizing to whether the person is an grownup or a juvenile. The appraisal of age at decease of grownup skeletal remains is one of the more hard undertakings undertaken by physical anthropologists. ( Buckberry and Chamberlain 2002 ) Determining age at decease Age related alterations in the skeleton may reflect three different stages of the lifetime ; growing and development, stableness and aging. The first stage is represented by kids and immature grownups, who undergo alterations that proceed at a moderately predictable rate in a good documented form. Once growing has ceased at alterations in grownup forms even within a individual skeletons vary greatly and are more single and population particular. They are besides affected by factors such as wellness position business and nutrition. In add-on most of the methods used in grownup aging rely on methods developed from big archeological samples of all known sex and age. Aging in grownups can be carried out utilizing dentitions, sutura closing and the otic surface of the Ilium. Morphological alterations of the otic surfaces of the illium provide first-class age indexs for grownup remains. This surface undergoes regular progressive alterations from age 18 onwards. Using the criterion aging stage set out by Todd ( 1920 ) it is possible to determine an age scope of +- 10 old ages. Using the suturas of the skull it is besides possible to gauge age in grownups. This is done utilizing a marking system set out by Meindl and Lovejoy ( 1985 ) . These suturas fuse together at different times during life. Another method is utilizing the wear on dentitions ; chiefly it is easier to utilize the grinders. This is because one time the lasting dentitions have erupted they start to have on. These wear forms are caused when masticating and diet. Besides wear can be contributed to by crunching dentitions. These criterions are set out by Lovejoy ( 1985 ) besides give a scope of +- 10 old ages. There is besides another method for aging utilizing dentitions which is utilizing root transparence set out by Lamendin et Al ( 1992 ) . Yet once more because of the atomization of the castanetss it is non ever possible to age them. Aging juveniles is a little easier as juvenile castanetss fuse together at the epiphysis at different phases in growing and development. Besides in juveniles it is possible to age so utilizing the eruption of dentitions. The Auricular surface of the Troy Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) based their methods of aging utilizing the Auricular surface of the Ilium on a method that was foremost set out by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . This method was used to enter age related phases for different characteristics of the Auricular surface. Which are so combined to supply a composite mark from which an appraisal of age at decease is obtained. Lovejoy described eight modal age phases into which the Auricular surface could be placed utilizing these primary ripening characteristics. However the separate characteristics of the Auricular surface described by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) such as porousness, surface texture, and fringy alterations appear to develop independently of each other. The age of oncoming for each phase of the different characteristics of the Auricular surface appear to change, and as a effect the five twelvemonth age classs of Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) tend to overlap. Early appearance characteristics still present on the Auricular sur face of older persons were described by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) as â€Å" residuary † . The fact that this fluctuation that can happen within a individual regular surface indicates that this method oversimplifies the alterations seen, and that the five twelvemonth interval in assorted strategies of age appraisal may be optimistically to contract. This job and contributes to the trouble found when using this method as it leads to uncertainness and in some instances confusion in delegating single Auricular surfaces two a peculiar age phase. In position of these jobs Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) revised the method set out by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . Each characteristic of the Auricular surface was examined separately. This system will do it easier to use and suit the convergence are frequently seen between different phases. It utilised all the alterations seen in the Otic surface as used by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . The method used by Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) instead than being grouped together with all the characteristics into five twelvemonth modal age phases. The revised Auricular surface method of age appraisal allows for a more realistic reading of the alterations. Although the age estimations produced by this method are wider, this method is easier to use and may be more dependable than that of Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . The pubic symphysis The pubic symphyses have importance in the field of forensic anthropology, as they can be used to gauge the age of grownup skeletons. Throughout life, the surfaces of the pubic symphysis are worn at a more or less predictable rate. By analyzing the wear of the pubic symphysis, it is possible to gauge the age of the individual at decease. Up to the age of 40 old ages the morphology of the ventral Demiface of the pubic symphysis undergoes a drawn-out period of age related alteration, and can hence be used in age appraisal utilizing component stage analysis ( Suchey 1979 ; Brooks and Suchey 1990 ) . The morphological characteristics on the symphyseal surface used in finding age of an person are ridges and furrows, dorsal border, ventral bevelling, lower appendage, ossific nodule, ventral bulwark, dorsal tableland and symphyseal rim ( Sinha and Gupta 1995 ) Juveniles Estimating the age in juveniles is a comparatively hard thing to make. Juvenile age is reliant on the epiphysial merger of the articulations ; the finding of the figure of erupted dentitions might lend to the appraisal of age at decease every bit good as to the designation process of unknown skeletons. During the development and growing the skeleton undergoes a sequence of alterations get downing with the formation and eruption of deciduous dentitions and their replacing with lasting teething this procedure is normally completed excepting the 3rd grinders by about the age of 12. Although the timing of this can change a small depending on sex, race, and wellness factors. Age at decease in juveniles can normally be estimated to within 1year if the appropriate criterions are used. Several methods of dental age appraisal in non-adults have been used: the Atlass method of Schour and Massler ( 1940 ) , the diagram of Gustafson and Koch ( 1974 ) . For the intent of this work the specific set by Ubelaker ( 1989 ) will be used. A new method for aging juveniles utilizing tooth eruption is a comprehensive grounds based Atlass which can be used to gauge age utilizing both tooth development and alveolar eruption for persons between 28 hebdomadsin utero up to 23 old ages ; the chief difference between this method and the method set out by Ubelaker ( 1989 ) is that it shows developmental ages without spreads or convergences AlQahtani et Al ( 2009 ) . Bibliography Demirjian A, Goldstein H. Tanner JM. ( 1973 ) A new system of dental age appraisal. Hum. Biol. 45 211-227 Lamendin H, Baccino E, Humbert JF, Tavernier JC, Nossintchouk RM, Zerilli A ( 1992 ) . A simple technique for age appraisal in grownup cadavers: The two standards dental method. Journal of forensic scientific disciplines 37:1973-1379 AlQahtani S J, H M Liversidge, M P Hector ( 2009 ) . Atlas of human toothdevelopment and eruption. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. ( In print ) . Sinha A, Gupta V. ( 1995 ) A survey on appraisal of age from pubic symphysis. Forensic Science International. 75:73-78 Buckberry J, Chamberlain A. ( 2002 ) . Age appraisal from the otic surface of the illium: A revised method. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 119:231-239 Todd TW. ( 1920 ) . Age alterations in the pubic bone I. The male white pubic bone. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 3:285-334 Lovejoy C, Meindl R, Pryzbeck T, Mensforth R. ( 1985 ) . Chronological metabolism of the otic surface of the illium: a new method for the finding of grownup skeletal age at decease. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 68:15-28 Scheuer L. ( 2002 ) . Application of Osteology to forensic medical specialty. Clinical Anatomy. 15:297-312 How to cite Techniques Used In Estimating The Age Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Business Case for American Multinational - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Case for American Multinational Technology. Answer: Introduction Innovation management helps in introducing new ideas, products and processes while responding to external and internal opportunities (Yoo, 2013). This report is a business case that is a justification for the proposed project as it offers commercial benefits. The company chosen for the purpose of this report is Apple Inc. It is an American multinational technology company headquartered in California that designs, develops and sells consumer electronics. The company sells smartphones, tablets, television and other electronics. The organization was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Qozniak and Ronald Wayne and sold only computers in the beginning. Ever since, Apple has been looking into things and creating new technologies (Yoo, 2013). They intend to be the first movers and capture the market by innovating new technologies and products. They have been updating the iPhone- smartphone of Apple by developing internal and external components. The company has been constantly working on its operating system, camera, display, screen size and battery to provide the best user experience. It is a luxurious product and iPhones are expensive n comparison with other smartphones such as Samsung, HTC and Motorola. This report aims at providing an innovative smartphone- iPhone X which has a bezel-less design as there is no home button. It has other advanced technological features like Face ID facial recognition and wireless charging (Brexendorf, Bayus, Keller, 2015). The Problem that Innovation can Solve It is analyzed that the other smartphones that are Android-based face common issues. The major issues faced by the smartphone users are the design, battery life, resolution, camera, and vulnerability. Currently, all the smartphone companies are focusing on providing customers with the best features at low prices. The competition in the smartphone industry has significantly increased that calls for innovation. Nowadays, the phones are not just used to make calls, text or stream music and videos. With the advent of technology, the applications are designed to enhance user experience. For using the applications, one needs a smartphone that supports without slowing the speed (Norman Verganti, 2014). The smartphones are not usually dust and water resistant. The customers are annoyed by the long charging cables that have to be pulled in and out daily. The customers also face trouble as they have to find a socket which can be difficult at public places. The innovation can resolve the problem as it has wireless charging feature adding to convenience. It is further argued that the smartphone users face issues regarding storage space. In the current world, people are highly reliant on clicking pictures and shooting videos to make memories (Spence, 2017). But, the storage space in the smartphone is not sufficient as the games and other applications take up a lot of space. The innovation of adding to space of 64GB and 256GB as internal storage is that the features can be fully explored and users can make most memories (Kelly, 2017). One of the most innovative features in iPhone X is that it has Face ID feature. Usually, the users suffer hacking issues as they may attempt to crack codes and misuse the information present on the smartphone. iPhone X uses Face ID innovative feature as there is a chance that maybe one in a million shall be able to unlock the phone (Haselton, 2017). The smartphone users often complain that they are unable to capture the true colours or have a low brightness. The users also complain that the smartphones have LED display that is more energy consuming than organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The users often complain that the bezels on their smartphone are distracting. It also disrupts the beauty of the phone and obstructs the perfect screen for viewing content. While clicking pictures or shooting videos, the users might face troubles as camera shakes and the results obtained are blurry. The innovative feature Dual Image Stabilization helps avoid blurry result by shifting the sensor (Silver, 2017). Benefits of the Innovation The innovation in iPhone X shall help addressing the above problems. It provides wireless charging feature that adds to convenience. The customers would not have to deal with cords and all the phones can be charged simultaneously. Even if the customers have to drop their phone at the charging station, wireless charging is beneficial (Gartenberg, 2017). A storage space of 64GB and 256GB has not been available on a smartphone before as internal storage as it takes space on the smartphone. Talking about the iPhone X Face ID feature, it is argued that the innovative feature ensures privacy, security and confidentiality. The previous smartphones of Apple has finger touch option which may be cracked by 1 person in 50,000 (Haselton, 2017). The face detection on iPhone X is more secure and faster that a fingerprint reader (Gartenberg, 2017). The attractive and innovative feature of iPhone X is that it has Super Retina HD display that is used through the first OLED screen. This screen can resolve the display and colour issues that are usually faced by the users. In the current world, people are highly reliant on clicking pictures and shooting videos to make memories. The colours on the phone appear stunning with high brightness as every pixel has its own light source. It shall also prove efficient and hence save power as the pixels turn on when needed (Lyons, 2017). The issue addressed due to bezel is removed through the innovative feature with all-screen display. The new bezel-less phone shall allow a perfect display for viewing content. The screen size appears bigger adding to a beautiful design. The benefit that is added by A11 Bionic chip with 64-bit architecture is that it is faster than Qualcomm. Also, it occupies 30% less surface area in the CPU. As discussed earlier, the dual image stabilization shall be beneficia l for the users as the images and videos captured shall not be blurry and result into fine outputs (Zafar, 2017). Strategic Response or Plan The innovation idea needs to be included in the long-range strategic plan. The first step is to develop short-term and long-term objectives for converting work from conceptual to concrete. The short-term objectives through the iPhone X innovation are to attain sales and profitability. The long-term objective is to add to the loyal customers who shall look forward to Apples organizational innovation and success. The initiatives shall be aligned as there is demand by the luxurious segment for a smartphone that makes their possession unique (Norman Verganti, 2014). Secondly, similar organizations such as Samsung, HTC and Sony shall be studied as they are inspiring. These competitors have been coming up with their innovations as well and offering products at lower prices. The budget that can be allocated as short-term requirements and performance incentives can be linked to performance against strategy. Further, a transformational strategy shall be required by the organization to efficiently deliver the innovative strategy. The staffs at Apple need to be engaged. The staffs must be prepared that strategy requires change. The company has been constantly working on its operating system, camera, display, screen size and battery to provide the best user experience. It is a luxurious product and iPhones are expensive in comparison with other smartphones such as Samsung, HTC and Motorola. The key hurdles that may be experienced by the staffs at Apple are necessary to overcome for achieving execution. Further, the staff members need to understand strategic vision, themes and roles that need to be played in strategic vision. The employees are expected to change for the organizational success. Lastly, the strategy must be monitored and adapted so that they can change our internal and external environments. The leaders shall set innovative targets and they must communicate on a regular basis to monitor progress. It might take years for the innovation to be successful but the right program and attention from execu tives can help succeed. Project Options Analysis The options and feasibility analysis is a systematic evaluation and assessment of the alternative approaches for achieving the project objectives. The first step is option identification. The do-nothing or baseline scenario should be included. In case of no investment situation, the smartphone users shall continue to face issues regarding wireless charging, poor display, low quality images and videos, and smaller screen. The do minimum option that shall provide the least cost solution for achieving investment goals shall be USD 1 million. Further, do-something option for the project involves the investment of technical, compliance, regulatory and demand constraints. The do-something options involves an amount of USD 1.5 million. The focus of analysts shall be placed in the pricing policy. The phone may be sold at a price of USD 999 per piece (Nicolaisen Nss, 2015). A demand analysis shall be conducted by evaluating the need for investment proposal through assessing current demand and forecast demand. The available technology plays a significant role in making a project feasible. The option selection can be made by comparing the alternatives with a unique common effect. The staff requirements shall be reviewed by training them with the right skills. It is therefore determined that the project proposal can add to the benefits of consumers and address their common issues with smartphone. Delivery of the Recommended Solution Any individual can create new ideas, but its implementation is challenging. The solution recommended can be delivered by following a balanced approach. The goals for innovation network can be designed that can positively impact the business scenario. A scalable platform shall be designed by increasing employee engagement in the innovation process. The next step is to establish the right organizational principles (Slater, Mohr, Sengupta, 2014). This is the key to promoting innovation and the talented employees can help deliver new ways of working for benefitting the clients. The goal of initial implementation is to put the new practices in place at selected implementation sites. Practitioners in the sites are trained and begin to use the practices or innovation. The goals of full implementation are to assure practices are used with high fidelity, and are achieving expected outcomes at all initial sites. Orientation activities provide necessary training and support to newly hired prac titioners and leaders so they can use and sustain the new practices (Lingelbach, Sriram, Mersha, Saffu, 2015). Next, it is important to expand in the market by expansion plans. Appropriate finding and policies shall be required to increase data systems and supporting the new sites. The idea of lauching iPhone X must be done by reducing risk and providing incremental funding, rewards and recognition. The activities provide training and support to hired practitioners so that the new proposal of iPhone X can be well implemented. During initial implementation, the communication plan needs to be outlined in front of the stakeholders so that they are aware of the progress and important changes (Mahr, Lievens, Blazevic, 2014). Conclusion The above business case is a justification for the proposed project for iPhone X as it offers commercial benefits. The company has been constantly working on its operating system, camera, display, screen size and battery to provide the best user experience. Nowadays, the phones are not just used to make calls, text or stream music and videos. But, the storage space in the smartphone is not sufficient as the games and other applications take up a lot of space. Even if the customers have to drop their phone at the charging station, wireless charging is beneficial. The colours on the phone appear stunning with high brightness as every pixel has its own light source. The initiatives shall be aligned as there is demand by the luxurious segment for a smartphone that makes their possession unique. It is a luxurious product and iPhones are expensive in comparison with other smartphones such as Samsung, HTC and Motorola. The leaders shall set innovative targets and they must communicate on a regular basis to monitor progress. In case of no investment situation, the smartphone users shall continue to face issues regarding wireless charging, poor display, low quality images and videos, and smaller screen. The available technology plays a significant role in making a project feasible. References Brexendorf, T. O., Bayus, B., Keller, K. L. (2015). Understanding the interplay between brand and innovation management: findings and future research directions.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(5), 548-557. Gartenberg, C. (2017).Samsung's component division will make more money off the iPhone X than the Galaxy S8.The Verge. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/10/2/16404430/samsung-iphone-x-galaxy-s8-screen-components-money-revenue-display Haselton, T. (2017).Apple's upcoming iPhone face recognition said to be faster and more secure than fingerprint reader.CNBC. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/07/iphone-8-face-id-said-to-be-faster-and-more-secure-than-touch-id.html Kelly, G. (2017).iPhone X Vs iPhone 8 Plus: What's The Difference?.Forbes.com. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2017/10/01/iphone-x-vs-iphone-8-plus-whats-the-difference/#1cce4ec31543 Lingelbach, D., Sriram, V., Mersha, T., Saffu, K. (2015). The innovation process in emerging economies: An effectuation perspective.The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation,16(1), 5-17. Lyons, J. (2017).What Is Super Retina Display? The iPhone X Has Crazy High-Tech Resolution.Bustle. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.bustle.com/p/what-is-super-retina-display-the-iphone-x-has-crazy-high-tech-resolution-2343801 Mahr, D., Lievens, A., Blazevic, V. (2014). The value of customer cocreated knowledge during the innovation process.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(3), 599-615. Nicolaisen, M. S., Nss, P. (2015). Roads to nowhere: The accuracy of travel demand forecasts for do-nothing alternatives.Transport Policy,37, 57-63. Norman, D. A., Verganti, R. (2014). Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change.Design issues,30(1), 78-96. Silver, C. (2017).Apple iPhone X: 10 Logical Reasons Why You Can't Wait To Buy This Phone.Forbes.com. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/curtissilver/2017/09/26/apple-iphone-x-10-logical-reasons-why-you-cant-wait-to-buy-this-phone/#132be89b1d6c Slater, S. F., Mohr, J. J., Sengupta, S. (2014). Radical product innovation capability: Literature review, synthesis, and illustrative research propositions.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(3), 552-566. Spence, E. (2017).New iPhone X Rules Expose Arrogant Apple.Forbes.com. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewanspence/2017/10/02/apple-iphonex-notch-design-arrogant-wrong-flawed/#620e490c730c West, J., Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging external sources of innovation: a review of research on open innovation.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(4), 814-831. Yoo, Y. (2013). The tables have turned: How can the information systems field contribute to technology and innovation management research?.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,14(5), 227. Zafar, R. (2017).Apple's A11 Bionic Chip Decreases CPU1 Surface Area By 30%; 2017 iPhone GPU Is Still A Six Core Design Similar To Predecessor.Wccftech. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://wccftech.com/apple-iphone-8-plus-a11-bionic-complete-teardown/

The novel without lies. Cynics. My age, my youth Review Essay Example

The novel without lies. Cynics. My age, my youth Review Paper Essay on The novel without lies. Cynics. My age, my youth I just can not write about this book no other way almost forgot passkazat today I changed you. The snow outside the window ppodolzhaet fall and the fire in the stove to click their opehi We will write a custom essay sample on The novel without lies. Cynics. My age, my youth Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The novel without lies. Cynics. My age, my youth Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The novel without lies. Cynics. My age, my youth Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Olga jumped up from his chair -.. What is it, Volodya From the stove tumbled small golden ember. For some reason, I could not manage ppoglotit saliva. Goplo became narrower pepelomivsheysya straw -.. Hichego I took papiposu. Zakupit wanted, but subintrusive tris match broke down, and at the fourth-rebounded sepnaya head. Coal, fell out of the oven, ppozheg papket -. Olga, can I have one pop.posit trifle -? Of course . She deftly podobpala ember Ppimite, please bath Olga smiled:. Of course . This is not a novel about love Its a terrible story about the life of the country during the revolution, during the struggle for Soviet bright future. Where his brother is the enemy, where the beloved becomes Baba, where former neighbors take away your house for firewood ,, where even the word mother to become a dead letter .. The magnificent novel Cynics the peak of creativity Mariengof, nothing like it not write anything better and it is not necessary In these few pages, he cynically and ruthlessly crush all that is dear and sacred to every man trample elegant, intelligent and very easily, without any strain, extra romance, unnecessary emotions. .. and it is from this run goose bumps, chills and blood river shed tears, from that no tear tear all the strings of the soul Ive finished reading. And For some reason I could not get ppoglotit saliva. Goplo became narrower pepelomivsheysya straw. .

Range of Cultural Representation in Film Essays

Range of Cultural Representation in Film Essays Range of Cultural Representation in Film Essay Range of Cultural Representation in Film Essay The issue of significance throws open many questions: e. g. Film is about entertainment. Isnt entertainment just for fun? Are they harmless? Stereotypes are different social, racial and cultural groups which have a certain connotation they are known for and seen in society as. For example, a blonde person is seen as dumb, a male is seen as dominating and a woman is seen to only belong in the kitchen. Stereotypes are a small or large group of people being labelled as something which, more often than not, isnt true. What we see can lead to stereotypes. People believe what they see and relate it to real life. Traditionally, Hollywood action films represent cultural groups stereotypyically. However some post modern films are slowly changing for the better in a feminist and post colonial way. Compared to this, British Film4 and French cinema portray a more realistic image of cultural groups. The three films I will be analyzing and comparing are James Bond, Terminator 2 and East is East. James Bond was chosen as it is stereotypically an action/hero film. For example, the dashing, smart hero and the beautiful sexy female sidekicks are representative of the general idea of a spy and the Bond Girls. Terminator 2 was chosen as it supports and challenges gender stereotypes. An example of this is a strong woman in the film is challenging however the strong macho bodyguard is not. Finally East is East as it challenges colour, nationality and gender stereotypes. The Muslim boy doesnt want to be of his religion anymore challenging strong Muslim family beliefs and the Muslim girl is a tomboy. Entertainment is not just about fun, it is also about power and money. Entertainment is Americas highest earning export as it is the place where stars are seen to be born. Most celebrities come from there or want to live and work there and the American people see them as accomplishing the American Dream. The entertainment business is very stereotypical itself with the idea that actresses have to be beautiful with perfect figures and the actors macho and extremely good looking.

Analysis Of Theodore Roethke s My Papa s Waltz Essay -- Poetry, Stanza

He tries to beautify the experience by making it a waltz. He also, by means of images and rhythm, shows the conflict between the readers, or the way any other ‘normal’ man will look at this experience, and how he sees it, or wants it to be seen ( although he does not show his father as completely innocent). It can also be looked upon as the Petty Herst syndrome – meaning having a ‘reality’ so intense and strong that one feels incapable of any other ‘reality’, fearing it can and will be worse. The poem is built of four stanzas (quatrain), each consisting of four lines. The rhyme scheme is, in the first stanza – abab, in the second – cdcd, in the third – efef, and in the fourth – ghgh. The meter is trecet iamb (stressed unstressed – three times per line). The central image in the poem is the metaphor in which the beatings are described as a waltz. The poet is led around the house, dancing – not beaten around. Which is also brought throu by the meter – trecet iamb – the beat of the waltz, thus the main image is shown through the meter as well, giving the reader more of the feeling of a dance in contrast to the ‘secondery images’ which are more associated with the rough experience of a beating. Given such parameters the poet installs some sort of relaxation in the reader (maybe even in himself), in order to make the subject – the beating – more readable, and lessening the effect of thewhen the person leaves this reality it will still, in retrospective, be the best situation he was ever been. It is possible that the narrator in this poem is ‘afflicted’ by this syndrome. He defends his father because to him it seems that this is the reality he should be in. He describes the beat ings as a waltz because he sees it as such. Although the poem is narrated retrospectively, from a grown up man point of view, something remains, the poet does not hate his father for the beating, on the contrary, he shows us that the love to his father is not, and never was lost. And twice during the poem – he talks about † But I hung on † in the first stanza, and † Still clinging to your shirt.† in the fourth stanza, which gives the feeling that he loved and stayed with his father during his childhood, and that he does that even now when his childhood is no longer with him.

Macroeconomics - Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics - Term Paper - Essay Example In the regulation of the money in circulation, central bank makes adjustments to the interest rate that entails the price of borrowing money. This paper keenly discusses fiscal and monetary policies theories and application. Fiscal policy In their efforts to regulate spending and maintain taxation at an affordable level, governments emulates three types of fiscal policies. The first one is neutral fiscal policy. This type of policy is adopted when the economy is in equilibrium. One of the key aspects of neutral fiscal policy is that all the fund that the government uses to establish projects such as roads, factories, ports among others, is full obtained from tax revenue (Hansen 34). Another type of fiscal policy that government can use to achieve economic development is the expansionary fiscal policy. This entails a situation whereby government spending exceeds tax collected from the residents. This will mean that governments must look for donors to fund them so that they are able to maintain their economy at a competitive level. The policy must be looked keenly to make sure that funds borrowed from the donors are not diverted to other unplanned project .The third policy is contractionary fiscal policy. ... The federal government controls how the money is shared according to the financial year and how they have planned for the budget. The budget must be gone through by the stake holders that include president and the congress. The two bodies must work together so as to come with a comprehensive report that is going to make life bearable to its citizens (Larch and Nogueira 46). The president makes sure that the proposed budget is passed to the congress so that they can decide how much money the government is going to spend on public needs for example, the issue of security is a problem world wide and health care .On the other hand expansionary fiscal policy is commonly used by the federal government to make sure that their business problems are stabilized. Another application area in expansionary policy is the issue of unemployment to its citizens. The unemployed high number of people has to borrow money and return the same money with low interest. In contrast, contractionary fiscal poli cy is mainly used by the central bank or the finance ministry to make sure that the rapid economy growth of a country is put under control. This means that the government must come up with the measures to control it. The government has to increase the interest rates, the central bank then regulates the money their customers are going to deposit and the notes the other bank are going to hold. Monetary policy Monetary policy refers to the process by which the government through central bank regulates the money supply to its citizens with aim of controlling price fluctuations (Heyne et al, 19). This means that the government must make sure that the prices of commodities are stable. The government must still ensure that the interest rates and exchanges rates are guarded fully against

The Divine Command Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Divine Command Theory - Essay Example Too many words and arguments have been expended on this topic, but let me draw my reason from this simple passage to why this theory should be endorsed: " God is love." [1 John 4:8]. If we believe that God does not declare what is good, and simply commands us to do it, just because he is the stronger and he is therefore the authority, isn't it hard to obey The human nature is stubborn, that I believe. But if we are to think that there are these existing commandments, from an authority who knows our inmost being, Someone who provides our needs even before we ask for it, the One who loves us unconditionally (these I learned from Sunday schools), isn't it true that it will be easier to follow I deem that the same God I got to know on Sunday schools is the same God being talked about in the Divine Command Theory. Therefore, to endorse the theory will mean no harm; instead this will lead people to do good, embrace what is good, and to obey His commandments. One main objection to the Divine Command theory is the so-called Euthyphro Dilemma, proposed by Plato. The dilemma goes like this: "are morally good acts good because God commands it, or God commands it because God Himself is good" From this, at least three problems for a Divine Command Theory arise: The problem of emptiness, whereby "God commands what is good"; the problem of independence, whereby God only commands things because they are already morally good, thus making God irrelevant to the moral rightness of action; and thirdly the problem of horrendous commands, whereby God could, if DCT is true, command acts that we find horrendous The independence problem: how can the notion of "goodness" be objectively separate from God How can one judge God to be good if God is the source of what we call goodness (Peoples). I chose to cite the implication that morality is arbitrary as another standard objection to the theory aside from the well famous Euthyphro Dilemma. It implies that if the theory is true, morality is based only on God's whim. Therefore if God commands cruelty then, it would be only right to obey him and commit cruelty as well. One reply to this objection denies that God, the familiar omnipotent, omniscience, and omnibenevolent theistic deity (Miller), would have commanded such things because, He necessarily does not command evil. Whether God is red in tooth and claw (Kevin Kim), or whether He is the God of love I came to know on Sunday schools, it only means that all of us, from time to time, reflects on that Being to whom goodness emanates, may it be absolute or not depending on your beliefs. Works Cited Wheeler. http://www.philosophy.uconn.edu/department/wheeler/divine.pdf Glenn Andrew Peoples http://www.berettaonline.com/articles/philosophy/echo.html Miller, Christian. "Divine Theory and Obligation". New Waves in Philosophy of Religion. Ed. Y. Nagasawa and E. Wielenberg. Palgrave Macmillan, 105-124.. http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5230U.pdf Kim, Kevin. http://bighominid.blogspot.com/2005/05/divine-command-theory.html Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism is the philosophical principle which says that an individual's beliefs and activities is to be understood by his culture. It holds

Nutrition Essay Example for Free

Nutrition Essay 1.Select a sweetener. Sucrose 2.Explore the history of the sweetener (when it was developed, its composition). Sucrose, according to our text, is composed of one glucose (the most common sugar molecule) molecule and one fructose (the sweetest natural sugar) molecule. The bond is called glycosidic linkage. Because of this mixture, Sucrose is known to be sweeter than lactose or maltose (the other 2 out of the 3 most common disaccharides, which is a carbohydrate compound consisting of 2 or more molecules joined together). The history of sucrose dates back to thousands and thousands of years ago when the sugar cane was discovered in the South Pacific, rumored specifically to have been found in New Guinea. Its molecular formula is C12H22O11. (taken from Wikipedia) 3.Discuss safety and the sweetener that you have selected. When pure, sucrose has an energy content of 3.94 kilocalories per gram, which helps give someone that instant â€Å"jolt of energy† they are looking for. This becomes unsafe when consumed in large amounts and when looking at it from a health standpoint, should not be used for that jolt. When using Sucrose in moderation, or small doses, it does not pose as may risk factors as it does when over consumed. Also, please note that there really is not any nutritional value in Sucrose itself. Typically, sucrose is spoken of as table sugar. The most common health risk of Sucrose would be linked to tooth decay and other dental issues. Other health issues linked to a diet with an over-abundance of sucrose would be hypoglycemia or diabetes mellitus. 4.Examine the relationship between the sweetener that you have selected and obesity. There is a lot to be said about sugars of any type in your diet. When it comes to Sucrose consumption leading to obesity, it really depends on the type and frequency of the consumption itself. For instance, some drinks containing high levels of sucrose may be linked to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Also, as said above, it can lead to dental problems and possibly diabetes. It has also been assumed that Sucrose can lead to metabolic syndrome. This is a combination of medical disorders that can increase diabetes and cardiovascular diseases when working together. Because this occurs within the insulin-resistant, it does not necessarily mean you are obese if you’re diagnosed, but it does mean that it can increase ones chances of being obese. So when all is said in done, use Sucrose or any sweeteners for that fact, in low-moderation to avoid any health risks that result in the o ver consumption of Sucrose.

Reaction to The Reader :: Reader

Reaction to The Reader In part II, chapter eight of Bernhard Schlink's The Reader, the first-person narrator Michael describes reading the account written by a concentration camp who had survived along with her mother, the soul survivors in a large group of women who were being marched away from the camp. He says, "the book...creates distance. It does not invite one to identify with it and makes no one sympathetic..." The same could be said of The Reader. The book is written in such a way as to distance one from the characters. It prevents people from sympathizing with Hanna or Michael or anyone else, taking a sort of detached viewpoint from their problems. This can be paralleled to the efforts of the German people towards Vergangenheitsbewältigung, or "coping with the past." In coping with Germany's Nazi history, the Germans attempted to distance themselves from it and the moral implications it presented. They tried to understand it without involving themselves in it, since involving them selves could implicate them. The one person in the book who cannot distance herself, Hanna, is still unsympathetic because everyone else distances themselves from her, making it impossible to sympathize with any aspect of her plight. Hanna is symbolic of German history in this respect. As the narrator, Michael is particularly hard to sympathize with. The way he guides the story eschews emotional attachment. He himself feels detached from almost everything: "....I felt nothing: my feelings were numbed." His detachment transfers to the readers. None of his traits, or any of the situations he comes up against, makes one feel particularly sorry for him. Nothing makes one want to understand what he's going through or where he's coming from. He is simply there, dictating the story, telling us about his feelings without us getting involved. Further alienating is his tendency to fall into tangents which don't relate to the main narrative. These tangents are even harder to muster interest in than the true point of the book and don't serve any discernible purpose, in the end causing us to separate even further from the story. Michael's feelings of numbness and alienation--and, subsequently, the feelings of numbess and alienation that are produced in the book's audience--reflect the attempts made by the German people to distance themselves from the spectres of the Nazi past.

Term Paper Rhbill

Reproductive Health Bill: For Better or For Worse? I. Introduction Poverty and overpopulation are two of the biggest national concern the Philippines have right now. Many solutions have been made to alleviate these problems but none of them seem to work. One of which is The Reproductive Health Bill of the Philippines, or RH Bill. This bill allows Filipinos access to contraceptives and an opportunity to be enlightened on the topic of family planning. The bill was first introduced in 1998 but somewhat died in the years after.Not until the year 2011 that the Congress decided to once again open its door for discussion on the RH bill. The basic condition of this bill is to introduce Filipinos and distribute to them family planning devices. It also aims for health care centers all over the country to circulate information on how to properly use them. Companies and schools are also encouraged to do the same with their employees and students. Through this, the bill intends to alleviate the p roblem of overpopulation in the Philippines. The bill, like any other thing in the world, is surrounded by controversies.It is actually a really good bill but a lot of people are opposing it. The number one group who opposes it is the Catholic Church. Though not entirely stated in the bill, the Church implies that the bill entails abortion, something that is greatly against the teaching and morals of the Church. Now, is the RH Bill good for us or not? II. Body History According to the Senate Policy Brief titled  Promoting Reproductive Health, the history of reproductive health in the Philippines dates back to 1967 when leaders of 12 countries including the Philippines'  Ferdinand Marcos  signed the Declaration on Population.The Philippines agreed that the population problem should be considered as the principal element for long-term economic development. Thus, the Population Commission was created to push for a lower family size norm and provide information and services to low er fertility rates. Starting 1967, the USAID started shouldering 80% of the total family planning commodities (contraceptives) of the country, which amounted to US$ 3 Million annually. In 1975, the United States adopted as its policy the  National Security Study Memorandum 200: Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests (NSSM200). The policy gives â€Å"paramount importance† to population control measures and the promotion of contraception among 13 populous countries, including the Philippines to control rapid population growth which they deem to be inimical to the socio-political and economic growth of these countries and to the national interests of the United States, since the â€Å"U. S. economy will require large and increasing amounts of minerals from abroad†, and these countries can produce destabilizing opposition forces against the United States.It recommends the US leadership to â€Å"influence national leadersâ₠¬  and that â€Å"improved world-wide support for population-related efforts should be sought through increased emphasis on mass media and other population education and motivation programs by the UN, USIA, and USAID. Different presidents had different points of emphasis. President Marcos pushed for a systematic distribution of contraceptives all over the country, a policy that was called â€Å"coercive,† by its leading administrator.The Cory Aquino administration focused on giving couples the right to have the number of children they prefer, while the Ramos presidency shifted from population control to population management. Estrada used mixed methods of reducing fertility rates, while Arroyo focused on mainstreaming  natural family planning, while stating that contraceptives are openly sold in the country. In 1989, the Philippine Legislators’ Committee on Population and Development (PLCPD) was established, â€Å"dedicated to the formulation of viable public poli cies requiring legislation on population management and socio-economic development. In 2000, the Philippines signed the Millennium Declaration and committed to attain the MDG goals by 2015, including promoting gender equality and health. In 2003, USAID started its phase out of a 33-year-old program by which free contraceptives were given to the country. Aid recipients such as the Philippines faced the challenge to fund its own contraception program. In 2004, the Department of Health introduced the Philippines Contraceptive Self-Reliance Strategy, arranging for the replacement of these donations with domestically provided contraceptives.In August 2010, the government announced a collaborative work with the USAID in implementing a comprehensive marketing and communications strategy in favor of family planning called â€Å"May Plano Sila. † The Church’s View Versus Government’s View on RH Bill Love of Life The RH Bill is highly controversial, with experts, academic s, religious institutions, and major political figures supporting and opposing it, often criticizing the government and each other in the process. Debates and rallies proposing and opposing the bill have been happening nationwide.It is very obvious that the Catholic Church is one of the anti RH Bill. â€Å"It does not mean na pumayag na rin kaming gamitin ang mga artificial means (of contraception). No! The stand of the Church still remains to be ‘no to contraceptives’ and, definitely, ‘no to abortion. † (Msgr. Juanito Figura, 2011) â€Å"Artificial contraception eliminates the possibility of a pro-creative element. Kung hindi kasi open to life, the sexual intercourse would just be like for the human satisfaction and pleasure. When you engage in the sexual act that means you are ready to take the responsibility.The natural law is pro creation. † (Monsignor Paul Cuizon,2010) These statements clearly tell that the Catholic Church is not in favor in the idea of RH Bill and will never be in favor to it. According to the Church, the bill contradicts or disobeys the Fifth Commandment which is killing. The Fifth Commandment seeks to protect the very sacredness of human life by forbidding murder. (Abiog, 2005). But in the Old Testament, the sacredness of life could be safeguarded only by destroying the life of a murderer. Ex 21:17) Moreover, oral contraceptive pills have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as Group 1 carcinogens. The use of ORP has been associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer, cervical cancer, and cardiovascular diseases like stroke and blockage of veins. The Department of Health, on the other hand, states that family planning can reduce maternal mortality by about 32 percent. The bill is â€Å"meant to prevent maternal deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth,† said Clara Padilla of Engender Rights.She reported that â€Å"Daily, there are 11 women dying wh ile giving birth in the Philippines. These preventable deaths could have been avoided if more Filipino women have access to reproductive health information and healthcare. † (Wikipedia) According to the Department of Health, the bill protects the welfare of women. Through family planning, birthrates would be reduced, as well as maternal deaths. This also prevents the spread of HIV/AIDS and other, STIs/STDs, especially now that the number of HIV cases among young is simultaneously increasing. Poverty Caused by Overpopulation There are several studies showing the issue isn't overpopulation but the lack in distribution of wealth. † (Monsignor Paul Cuizon,2010). The Church viewed that overpopulation is not really the cause of poverty but the lack of job opportunities, lack of education and sometimes lack of self-discipline or laziness. If properly managed, the large number of population can be a good source of human resources and can contribute to the economic growth of our country. It is said that the Philippines remains one of the poorest countries in the world and the government insisted that not having a reproductive health law is cruelty to the poor.The poor are miserable because, among other reasons, they have so many children. Providing reproductive knowledge and information through government intervention is the humane thing to do. It can help the poor escape the vicious cycle of poverty by giving them options on how to manage their sexual lives, plan their families and control their procreative activities. The phrase â€Å"reproductive rights† includes the idea of being able to make reproductive decisions free from discrimination, coercion or violence. Summary of Major ProvisionsThe bill mandates the government to promote, without bias, all effective natural and modern methods of family planning that are medically safe and legal. Although abortion is recognized as illegal and punishable by law, the bill states that the government shall ensure that all women needing care for post-abortion complications shall be treated and counseled in a humane, non-judgmental and compassionate manner. The bill calls for a â€Å"multi-dimensional approach† integrates a component of family planning and responsible parenthood into all government anti-poverty programs.Under the bill, age-appropriate reproductive health and sexuality education is required from grade five to fourth year high school using â€Å"life-skills and other approaches. † The bill also mandates the Department of Labor and Employment to guarantee the reproductive health rights of its female employees. Employers with more than 200 employees shall provide reproductive health services to all employees in their own respective health facilities. Those with less than 200 workers shall enter into partnerships with health professionals for the delivery of reproductive health services.Employers shall inform employees of the availability of family planning ser vices. They are also obliged to monitor pregnant working employees among their workforce and ensure they are provided paid half-day prenatal medical leaves for each month of the pregnancy period that they are employed. The national government and local governments will ensure the availability of reproductive health care services, including family planning and prenatal care. Any person or public official who prohibits or restricts the delivery of legal and medically safe reproductive health care services will be meted penalty by imprisonment or a fine.Summary of Support Proponents argue: (1) Economic studies, especially the experience in Asia, show that rapid population growth and high fertility rates, especially among the poor, exacerbate poverty and make it harder for the government to address it. (2) Empirical studies show that poverty incidence is higher among big families. Smaller families and wider birth intervals could allow families to invest more in each child’s educa tion, health, nutrition and eventually reduce poverty and hunger at the household level. 3) Ten to eleven maternal deaths daily could be reduced if they had access to basic healthcare and essential minerals like iron and calcium, according to the DOH; (4) Studies show that 44% of the pregnancies in the poorest  quintile  are unanticipated, and among the poorest women who would like to avoid pregnancy, at least 41% do not use any contraceptive method because of lack of information or access. And â€Å"Among the poorest families, 22% of married women of reproductive age express a desire to avoid pregnancies but are still not sing any family planning method,† (5) Use of contraception, which the  World Health Organization  has listed as  essential medicines, will lower the rate of abortions as it has done in other parts of the world, according to the  Guttmacher Institute. (6) An SWS survey of 2008 showed that 71% of the respondents are in favor of the bill, (7) at th e heart of the bill is the free choice given to people on the use of reproductive health, enabling the people, especially the poor to have the number of children they want and can care for.Summary of Criticism Opponents of the bill argue that: (1) â€Å"The world's leading scientific experts† have resolved the issues related to the bill and show that the â€Å"RH Bill is based on wrong economics† as the 2003  Rand Corporation  study shows that â€Å"there is little cross-country evidence that population growth impedes or promotes economic growth†. (2) The bill takes away limited government funds from treating many high priority medical and food needs and transfers them to fund objectively harmful and deadly devices.The latest studies in scientific journals and organizations show that the ordinary  birth control pill, and the  IUD  are abortifacient to 100-celled human embryos: they kill the embryonic human, who as such are human beings equally worthy o f respect, making the bill unconstitutional. (3) US National Defense Consultant,  Lionel Tiger, has shown empirical evidence that contraceptives have deleterious social effects (abortion, premarital sex, female impoverishment, fatherless children, teenage pregnancies, and poverty).Harvard School of Public Health scientist Edward Green observes that ‘when people think they're made safe by using condoms at least some of the time, they actually engage in riskier sex', in the phenomenon called â€Å"risk compensation†. There is evidence for increased risk of cancer (breast, cervical, liver) as well as significant increase of risk for heart attack and stroke for current users of oral contraceptives.The increased usage of contraceptives, which implies that some babies are unwanted, will eventually lead to more abortion; the correlation was shown in a scientific journal and acknowledged by pro-RH leaders, (4) People's freedom to access contraceptives is not restricted by any opposing law, being available in family planning NGOs, stores, etc. The country is not a  welfare state: taxpayer's money should not be used for personal practices that are harmful and immoral; it can be used to inform people of the harm of BCPs. 5) The penal provisions constitute a violation of free choice and conscience, and establish  religious persecution. Sex Education The bill provides for mandatory reproductive health education and that it be taught in â€Å"an age-appropriate manner†¦ by adequately trained teachers starting from Grade 5 up to Fourth Year High School. † Opposition to the bill is concerned about early sexualization of the youth and says that sexuality education promoters themselves state that it has led to more teenage pregnancies and illegitimacy.They quote the Consortium of State Physicians Resource Councils, which said that â€Å"programs in safer sex education and condom distribution have not reduced the out-of-wedlock birth rates among s exually experienced teens. . . . The fact is, increased condom use by teens is associated with increased out-of-wedlock birth rates. † They stressed that what is needed is chastity education, especially taught by their parents, rather than sex education in school.Proponents refer to the latest UNESCO  study dated December 2009 which concluded that sexuality education did not encourage early initiation into sex, but actually increased the age at which people first engage in sexual activity. Advantages and Disadvantages of RH Bill The advantage of Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines is that hopes to provide midwives for skilled attendance to childbirth and emergency obstetric care, even in geographically isolated and depressed areas. Thus, the one of the causes of maternal mortality, that arising from unattended births, will be addressed.The disadvantage of the Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines is the undue focus being given to reproductive health and populat ion and development, when many more urgent and important health problems need to be addressed in the country, those that cause a significant number of deaths across the country such as cardiovascular diseases and infections. Financial resources allotted by foreign donors to assist the Philippine government programs could actually be better spent towards pursuing health programs targeting communicable diseases than purchasing artificial contraceptives.Abortion versus RH Bill â€Å"Life must be protected with the outmost care from the moment of conception. † (Batugal, 2008). This means that even the unborn child should be treated with the same respect as a live human being. When a fetus is terminated before he is able to live outside his mother’s womb, then that child is being aborted. Abortion is ending a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus. On the other hand, RH Bill promotes information on and access to both natural and modern family plann ing methods, which are medically safe and legally permissible.It assures an enabling environment where women and couples have the freedom of informed choice on the mode of family planning they want to adopt based on their needs, and personal convictions. The common purpose of the bill is to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It is very clear that abortion and RH Bill are two different things. The bill just prevents unwanted pregnancy while abortion is the will of either the mother or the father of the child to end the pregnancy. III. ConclusionThe Reproductive Health Bill guarantees universal access to methods on  contraception, fertility control,  sexual education, and maternal care. This bill aims to protect the health of both women and children, to fight or at least minimize the rapid population growth in our country, to prevent the spread of HIV and other STDs, and to fight poverty. While it is true that the bill will protect the welfare of women and children, the bill is still ver y controversial and rallies have been happening in the country. One of the groups opposing the RH Bill is the Catholic Church.According to the Church, the RH Bill is not the right way to fight poverty and it is against the Fifth Commandment of God for it destroys the life of an innocent child. Still, the government wants to pursue it and actually President Aquino already signed the bill. Even though, it was already signed, there are still a lot of questions thrown to the government, particularly if where are they going to get the fund to provide for those free contraceptives and why not just make another law that will truly help the whole citizenry. IV. Bibliography Books: Abiog, Myrna A. , et al. (2005).Journey of Fath: Old Testament. Quezon, City: FNB Educational, Inc. Batugal, Ma. Leodevina C. , et al. (2008). Maturing in Jesus Christ: Walking with Jesus in Freedom. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store. Dictionary: (1999). The New Choice English Dictionary. Yorkshire: Peter Haddlock Publishing Ltd. Webliography: (2013). Resposible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Responsible_Parenthood_and_Reproductive_Health_Act_of_2012 Aquino, Leslie Ann G. (2010). Catholic Church maintains stand on RH bill.Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. mb. com. ph/articles/293803/catholic-church-maintains-stand-rh-bill#. USmkNjBHLug Aquino, Leslie Ann G. (2011). Pope: No to RH, divorce. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. mb. com. ph/node/326152/pope-no-rh-divorce#. USmV6DBHLug Arcilla, Gigie. (2011). The Church on RH Bill. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. sunstar. com. ph/davao/weekend/church-rh-bill Balanquit, Romeo Mathew. (2011). Petition Paper on the RH Bill. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. ipetitions. com/petition/upiansonrhbill/

Discrimination In Employment Essay

Two separate statutes specifically pertain to discrimination in employment. The first is the Equal Pay Act, which was passed in 1963 (effective date was June 10, 1964). The second is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. While the Equal Pay Act deals solely with wages paid to women and men within the same company, Title VII focuses on discriminatory hiring/firing practices and advancement policies within companies (Crouch, 2001, p.37-38). Neither is specific to the issue of sex discrimination; however, they both encompass discrimination on the basis of race, religion, or national origin. Both of these statutes have been applied to interscholastic and intercollegiate athletics, primarily in suits brought by female coaches claiming sex discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Title VII was enacted as a comprehensive prohibition on private acts of employment discrimination. It forbids discriminatory employment practices based on the race, color, religion, sex, or national origin of the applicant. These categories may, however, be used to differentiate between applicants when sex, religion, or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ). A BFOQ is very narrowly defined as an actual job requirement, not merely a customer or employer preference. For example, race is never considered a BFOQ (Crouch, 2001, 38-40).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Title VII also contains a â€Å"nonretaliation† provision which prohibits all employers defined in the act from discriminating against any employee or job applicant who has invoked his or her rights under Title VII or who has assisted with or participated in any proceeding brought by someone else (Gregory, 2003, p. 28).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the analysis of the courts, the alleged sex discrimination action need not only be based upon a consideration of an unalterable characteristic (like gender) possessed by the discriminatee but which is not possessed by the discriminator (Minchin, 2001, p. 50). Thus, not only are acts such as terminating female employees when they marry or refusing to accept employment applications from any female actionable, but also acts taken by a member of one sex against a member of the same sex can be actionable. A demand for sexual favors directed by one male to another as a condition of employment can be just as discriminatory as a similar demand directed by a male to a female.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Title VII is applicable to all employers of more than fifteen persons, and it specifically covers almost all state and local government employees as well as employees of most educational institutions. It is enforced by the EEOC, which has the authority to process and investigate any complaints. The EEOC may also bring suits in federal court if necessary. A charge brought by the EEOC is based on what the EEOC perceives to be a pattern or practice of unlawful discrimination which adversely affects an entire class of individuals. The EEOC may also conduct industrywide compliance reviews. If the discrimination found by the EEOC in state or local government cannot be corrected informally, the EEOC may refer the matter to the U.S. Attorney General. In all other cases, the EEOC may go to federal court to enforce the law (Gregory, 2003, p.28-29). Enforcement of Title VII is not limited to EEOC actions, however, because the legislation also has individual and class causes of action. This type of charge originates from an individual or group of individuals who allege that they were adversely affected by some act of unlawful discrimination (Gregory, 2003, p. 29).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organizations can bring discrimination claims on behalf of their members if the alleged discriminatory action injured its members, if the claim can proceed without the participation of those injured members, and if the claim is relevant to the organization’s purposes. The requirements for filing a charge include the following: The person filing the charge must be or represent an aggrieved person (must have a personal stake in the outcome of the controversy and must have suffered a personal injury), except in cases in which the charge is filed by the EEOC itself. The charge must be directed against an â€Å"employer† as defined by Title VII. The charge must be filed within the specified time limits. The form of the charge must comply with certain procedural requirements (Saguy, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once these requirements are met, the EEOC will proceed with the charge. The remedies of both injunctive and affirmative relief are available to the winning party in an employment discrimination suit. The prevailing party may be awarded back pay and attorney’s fees as well as an injunction prohibiting the employer’s unlawful action. In addition, the court may order the employer to cease its discriminatory practices, to reinstate employees, and to implement an appropriate affirmative action plan to eliminate existing discrimination and prevent its recurrence. These remedies are guided by the two goals of the act: (1) to achieve equality of employment opportunity by removing barriers based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and (2) to make the victim of unlawful discrimination whole–to put the victim in the position he or she would have been in had the discrimination not occurred.Both of these approaches have limitations. Even taken together, they are not sufficient to enforce a prohibition against sex discrimination(Saguy, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the Equal Pay Act applies to all employers, Title VII has been limited to employers of more than fifteen people. Thus, many smaller businesses are not subject to the mandates of Title VII. The Equal Pay Act is limited in other ways. For example, it is directed only to discrepancies in pay levels once on a job. It does not address the problem of discriminatory hiring or advancement policies. The basic weakness of these acts is that neither is all-encompassing. They fail to address the overall problems of sex discrimination that exist outside of the workplace (Saguy, 2003). Thus, very few of the problems of discrimination encountered in athletics are addressed by either act. This legislation provides potential relief only in athletic employment.Another major problem in pursuing litigation under these statutes is the cost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither statute provides any guaranteed basis for the eventual recovery of attorney’s fees and/or double or triple damages. Thus, litigation is not an option for many of those who might wish to file claims. Cases are seldom pursued, and the effectiveness of the legislation diminishes as the chance that an employer will be punished lessens. One last problem is that courts have been reluctant to interpret the statutes broadly. This reluctance stems from the fact that hiring and salary decisions are well within the area of management prerogatives allotted to employers. The court is reluctant to interfere in any discretionary decision unless there has been a clear abuse of that discretion. Thus, it is very difficult to establish a case based on a complaint regarding practices in either of these areas. Usually, the evidence is open to a variety of interpretations. Such circumstances can make it difficult or even impossible for a plaintiff to prevail in a sex discrimination case under application of the aforementioned statutes. References Crouch, Margaret A. (2001).   Thinking about Sexual Harassment: A Guide for the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perplexed. Oxford University Press. Gregory, Raymond F. (2003). Women and Workplace Discrimination: Overcoming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Barriers to Gender Equality. Rutgers University Press. Minchin, Timothy J. (2001). The Color of Work: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the   Ã‚  Ã‚   Southern Paper Industry, 1945-1980. University of North Carolina Press. Saguy, Abigail C. (2003). What Is Sexual Harassment? From Capitol Hill to the Sorbonne.University of California Press   

Good Record Keeping in protecting Welfare of Patients Essays

Good Record Keeping in protecting Welfare of Patients Essays Good Record Keeping in protecting Welfare of Patients Essay Good Record Keeping in protecting Welfare of Patients Essay The intent of this essay is traveling to look at four of the rules from the Nursing Midwifery Council ( NMC ) papers, rules of good record maintaining. The NMC is the United Kingdom s regulator for the nursing and obstetrics professionals. It is a professional s duty to follow the NMC codification, rules of good record maintaining, to assist safeguard the wellness and well-being of the populace ( NMC, 2009 ) . These four rules chosen provinces, Persons should enter inside informations of any appraisals and reviews undertaken and supply clear grounds of the agreements that have been made for future and on-going attention, including any inside informations of information given about attention or intervention ( NMC, 2009 ) . Ensure records should be accurate and recorded in such a manner that the significance is clear and to boot ( NMC, 2009 ) . Where allow the individual in your attention or their carer should be involved in the record maintaining procedure ( NMC, 2009 ) and even tually Persons have a responsibility to pass on to the full and efficaciously with co-workers, guaranting that they have all information they need about the people in their attention ( NMC, 2009 ) . In add-on to these four rules this essay is traveling to discourse each rule and the impact they have on a patient s attention program and how they are maintained in a patient s attention program. Record maintaining is a cardinal portion of nursing and obstetrics pattern ( Giffiths et al, 2007:1324-1327 ) . The function of good record maintaining is to guarantee that all healthcare professionals know what attention and intervention the patient is having. The first rule of good record maintaining being discussed provinces persons should enter inside informations of any appraisals and reviews undertaken and supply clear grounds of agreements that have been made for the hereafter of ongoing attention. This should besides include inside informations of information given about attention and intervention ( NMC, 2009 ) . One of the chief evidenced based records in a attention scene is a attention program. A attention program is a written record that informs persons about the attention and intervention of the patient ( Barrett et al, 2009:5-6 ) . Care plans can be developed by utilizing, the nursing procedure. This involves a measure by measure attack affecting appraisal, planning, implementing and measuring. This method provides a frame work for professionals, enabling a attention program papers to be produced to run into the demands of the patient and protect their public assistance ( Wright, 2005:71-73 ) . : When a patient is admitted into a attention environment undergoing an appraisal is indispensable. This should cover all basic demands such as hygiene, societal, physical and safety demands of the patient, which besides includes internal homeostasis demands like temperature, pulsation, respiration and blood force per unit area ( Geyer, 2007:29-30 ) . While patients attention is ongoing, a papers that is widely used within an acute side of the wellness attention scene is EWS ; this early warning mark papers is a tool that protects the public assistance of patients while having attention from professionals. This tool can enable early sensing of the impairment of a patient, based on mensurating critical marks. This tool can foreground hazard when monitoring patients and observe when the demand for farther intercession is required off skilled practicians ( Mohammed et al, 2009:18-24 ) . Appraisals can affect a assortment of tools the intent of these tools is to assist professionals make t heir occupation decently and assist toward measuring precedence of attention ( Barrett et al, 2009:87-94 ) . Measuring and be aftering are ongoing while the patient is having intervention. Documenting in a patients record while attention is ongoing shows clear grounds of what as to be established, showing the interaction that multi disciplinary squads provides, from the clip a patient is admitted in to a attention puting to when they are discharged ( Barrett et al, 2009:20-23 ) . Within a attention program relevant information is stored about the patient, this should enable all professionals to develop a cognition of the patient and enable them to hold an empathic apprehension of the societal, psychological and physical well-being of that person ( Barrett et al, 2009:47-56 ) . A patients single file will besides incorporate inside informations about the history of the patient, this can foreground any hazard apparent, guaranting all professionals presenting attention to persons are cognizant of the patient s status, any known allergic reactions, attention required to be delivered and any intervention the patient is having. The appraisal and planning phase of the nursing procedure provides an accurate method of which the attention program papers can steer professionals. The implementing phase enables professionals to present the attention agreed and planned throughout written communicating. The evaluating phase enables professionals to see if attention has been planned efficaciously. These four methods of the nursing procedure is a demand when developing a attention program this so enables multi-disciplinary squads to be able to supply effectual attention when protecting the public assistance of patients ( Wright, 2005:71-73 ) . It is of import that the whole attention be aftering procedure is documented from appraisal to rating every bit shortly as it has happened, uncomplete paperss can do the patients to endure through no mistake of their ain, professionals have a legal duty to record paperss and the NMC insists that is has to be done good. There are a assortment of ways paperss can be recorded. Howe ver, written and electronic methods are the chief 1s widely used within a attention environment. With whatever method used records should stay accurate and easy understood. The rule of good record maintaining from the NMC, 2009 besides suggests that records should be accurate and recorded in such a manner that the significance is clear ( NMC, 2009 ) . Implementing good record maintaining in a attention program is relevant for the importance of advancing the public assistance of patients. All wellness records should be legible, as clinical records are shared the whole clip a patient is having attention or intervention. Health professionals read through records on a day-to-day footing and it is of import that the information in paperss can be understood ( Powell, 2009:300-301 ) . Records can incorporate hapless script and can be really hard to read, this can hold an consequence on how attention is delivered to the patient. If persons do non understand the authorship within a patient s records, errors can happen and set patients at greater hazard. Health attention records provide a batch of information about patients and it is critical it remains right. The type of mistakes made when entering information can include, indecipherable manus authorship, slang, spelling mistakes, typing mistakes and non entering indispensable information. Missing out information while documenting in records can set a patient at hazard and this highlights a cause for concern. For illustration a patient who has been given their medicine ; so the nurse who gave the medicine forgot to document it. If professionals do non have information of when and what clip and day of the month medical specialties where given to a patient, it may misdirect other nurses taking over from another displacement doing professional mistakes and hazard of an overdose may happen to the patient ( Dimond, 2005:568-570 ) . When entering in medical paperss utilizing medical abbreviations can be confusing, particularly if the nurse is non familiar with the medical nomenclature. Medical nomenclature can be shortened down into a assortment of abbreviations. The nursing and obstetrics council make it clear that abbreviations should non be used as there are dangers in utilizing them. Professionals may misidentify abbreviations in paperss and do injury to the patient if the misinterpretation is implemented to the patient. For case NFR ; non for resuscitation or either manner this could intend neurophysiological facilitation of respiration, which is a physical therapy. This abbreviation could do fatal effect if it suggests in a patient papers that the patient is non required to hold NFR and it is non made clear that within records. This is why abbreviations should non be used when entering information as all records should show a clear elaborate response ( Dimond, 2008:196-198 ) . Information in records should stay clear and accurate as they are a legal papers, non merely for the safety of the patient but it protects persons from charges of carelessness and other signifiers of malpractice. If a patient comes into any legal differences, paperss should stay professional as it is an single duty as a professional to be lawfully responsible for what they write and all records should be legible to stand up in tribunal if necessary ( Powell, 2009:300-301 ) , this shows how important record maintaining is. Brooker A ; Waugh 2007 provinces If nursing attention is non written down so it did non go on . When paperss are being produced, where allow the individual in your attention, or their carer, should be involved in the record maintaining procedure ( NMC, 2009 ) . This rule is an on-going development throughout nursing pattern, every bit good as affecting patients in any determinations about attention and intervention. Communication between nurse and patient as to be developed to consider on the agreement of attention. Information within this treatment may come from close household members or carers, if the patient is non able to talk for themselves. Professionals require Information from relations and other persons near to the household it is critical in the within the procedure of record maintaining, interchanging information is indispensable to supply safe attention to continue towards the patient. When information has been has been obtained from the individuals involved, consent does hold to be given by the patient/carer. Throughout the development of record maintaining it i s of import to affect the patient or carers to clear up what attention has been discussed, this is of import because the client s demands have to be agreed with the overall construct of the attention program and the procedure of its bringing. This enables information to be shared throughout multi-disciplinary squads and leting professionals throughout a assortment of services to hold entree to their medical records whenever they may necessitate it ( NMC, 2008 ) . Patient s records can be critical to staff members who do non cognize the patient to good, persons giving consent for their file to be shared helps professionals to make their occupation for the best involvement of the patient. This so allows the persons to supply a responsibility of attention and enables professionals to protect the public assistance of their patients. The last rule to be discussed to boot advises that Persons have a responsibility to pass on to the full and efficaciously with co-workers, guaranting that they have all information they need about the people in their attention ( NMC, 2009 ) . Nursing records are a important communicating tool ; health care records are mostly important in pass oning elaborate information from one service to another. Clinical records are a beginning of communicating throughout the health care sector, supplying information to protect the well-being of persons. It is indispensable that communicating is developed throughout multi-disciplinary squads to guarantee all information is passed on sing patients for which they have to present attention. When professionals are interchanging information it provides a foundation for which the continuity of attention to patients can go on. Information should be clearly reported to professionals so they are good informed of the client s status, non merely verbally b ut manually. ( McGeehan, 2007:51-54 ) . It is non merely about verbal communicating throughout handovers, passing over information at the terminal of a displacement can be rather brief, written certification gives professionals the chance to look up on patient s information which holds of import inside informations sing the patient. This is most valuable particularly for staff covering displacements, on some juncture s alleviation staff have to be called in to cover staff deficit, they would non cognize the patient and it enables them to read up and derive an penetration of the patient, including medical history, current intervention and what attention to be delivered, hence enabling them to present attention confidently ( Featherstone, 2008:860-864 ) . However, discoursing these four rules sing the procedure of record maintaining high spots the huge sum of impact these rules can hold throughout a attention program papers. This involves pass oning throughout recorded certification alarming multi-disciplinary squads of patient s inside informations based on facts. This allows professionals to cognize what the patient requires and go on the attention agreed to protect the patient from any injury. Communication as an impact throughout a attention program, all recorded information helps towards the patterned advance of continuity of attention that gets delivered throughout the whole health care sector enabling successful attention bringing. Care programs are a papers of grounds of agreements made of which has to be delivered and the attention that has been agreed. It provides stableness to patients and professionals in connexion to medical intercession between those involved guaranting a secure environment for which attention can be del ivered ( Barrett et al, 2009:13-14 ) . The impact these rules have on a attention program can be recognised but the recognition of the impact is highlighted when a attention program is being maintained. Keeping a attention program is a cardinal procedure which is established by reexamining and audits. Using these methods to keep a attention program is indispensable as it is an on-going procedure to protect the public assistance of patients, reexamining and scrutinizing can incite the cause for professionals to look into a attention program farther. Audited accounts of records allows professionals to find how well policies are implemented within a attention environment and how criterions of attention bringing are set. This helps set up best pattern in nursing records and helps to cut down any hazard towards the patient safety, which can originate from hapless record maintaining ( Griffiths et al, 2007:1324-1327 ) . Information that has been recorded draws attending upon the demands of the patient. If a patient was kicking of chest hurting over a period of clip this would alarm nurses and physicians to look into the job further and further medical intercession possibly required ( Geyer, 2007:23-24 ) . Simply making an audit raises consciousness of the demand to better pattern. Regular audits on certification have to take topographic point to place any necessary mistakes and guarantee criterions are maintained within health care installations. Reviewing is indispensable as ongoing factual records of a patient s wellness position can foreground alterations in a patient s status enabling professional s records to amend alterations for the best involvement of the patient when reexamining certification ( Brooker A ; Waugh, 2007:368-369 ) . Reappraisals are put in topographic point to assist measure a patient s program of attention, doing certain that the attention they receive is relevant to their demands at the clip. The purpose of reexamining paperss and how they are maintained in a attention program is intentionally to guarantee that the public assistance of the patient is being protected. Reviewing paperss in a attention program focuses really much on the person receiving attention. However, the individuals involved in supplying attention to the patient drama a large portion in the reviewing procedure to guarantee all attention is specific to the demands of the patient ( Miller A ; Gibb, 2007:271-271 ) . Reviews and audi ts play a large portion in how records are maintained maintaining paperss and pattern current and up to day of the month guaranting the best involvement of the patient. Decision The chief intent of record maintaining is the attention of the patient and it is considered as a cardinal portion of nursing pattern. It is important to the wellbeing of the patient and the bringing of attention ; it besides ensures that professional criterions are being upheld within a health care environment. Documents have an impact on everybody involved and the importance that records are written good and follow within the record maintaining rules, sets criterions to professional s in bend aid lend to the quality of attention being given. The effects of hapless record maintaining are rather clear hence the demand for medical staff to guarantee that the proper processs are undertaken. Professionals need to maintain records to safe guard their patients while protecting their public assistance, this highlights the demand for this to stay every bit precise as possible throughout keeping records while attention is ongoing. Recording in paperss can help towards the continuity of attent ion which provides a safe stable environment for the patient. Professional who work in an wellness attention environment are cognizant that there work burden can go be really busy, it is of import that they do non allow this consequence their demand to maintain records. Time should be set aside for record maintaining, if records are rushed mistakes can develop and hapless quality of records can neer be contributed to the quality of attention. Good record maintaining is a feature of a skilled practician and it is mostly about the assorted signifiers of communicating from one service to another. Communicating throughout bringing of attention high spots why records should be recorded suitably to the NMC 2009 rule of good record maintaining guidelines. Following these rules enhances the fact of how critical record maintaining is used to protect the public assistance of the patient.

With the on-going war against terror, now is not the time for the Essay

With the on-going war against terror, now is not the time for the government to reduce the size of the Air Force - Essay Example According to current plans, the American Air Force is set to be reduced in size by 20,000 personnel. Such a reduction would mean a decrease of almost 30% in numeric strength and weaken the Air Force considerably. The war we are fighting today means having the ability to drop soldiers into combat hot zones, provide them with terrain information, air cover and bring them back home once an operation is complete (Wikipedia, 2006). All these functions demand that we keep a capable and strong Air Force which would be very difficult to have with a third of the Air Force seeking jobs elsewhere. It can be said that a reduction in the armed forces overall would be good for peace and prosperity of the nation as a whole, but it is not correct to say that now is the right time to take such actions. The concept of war is indeed a concept of suffering and there is no argument on the point that when we are at peace we would have little need for a huge Air Force. However, at the present moment, we are not at peace therefore a reduction in the Air Force is simply illogical. Additionally, the war we are fighting is different from any other in our history and we have to develop new tools as well as techniques to take on a hidden enemy who strikes from the shadows. Without our Air Force at full strength, such a task would be difficult if not impossible. After the end of the cold war and the collapse of the Soviet Union, America barely had time to enjoy its status as the sole superpower in the world because of the changing geopolitical scenarios. In fact, the current situation shows that America is more involved in protecting its foreign interests than it has been at any point in history (Wikipedia, 2006). However, to expect that America can offer protection to its allies and friends by simply exerting diplomatic force is unrealistic. War is often inevitable and small